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No. 4.–TRANSLATION OF THE BABYLONIAN 
CHRONICLE

Obv.–COLUMN I

1.  [In the 3d year of Nabonassar] king of BABYLON 
2.  [Tiglath-pileser] in ASSYRIA sat on the throne. 
3.  In the same year [Tiglath-pileser] descended into the country of ACCAD, and 
4.  the cities of RABBIKU and KHAMRANU he spoiled, 
5.  and the gods of the city of SAPAZZA he carried away. 


6.  In the time of Nabu-natsir (Nabonassar) the town of BORSIPPA 
7.  was separated from BABYLON. The battle which Nabonassar 
8.  fought against BORSIPPA is not described.1
9.  In the 5th year of Nabu-natsir Umma(n)-nigas 
10. in ELAM sat upon the throne. 
11. In (his) 14th year Nabu-natsir fell ill and died2 in his palace. 
12.  For 14 years Nabu-natsir reigned over BABYLON. 
13.  Nadinu3 his son sat upon the throne in BABYLON. 
14.  In the second year Nadinu was slain in an insurrection. 
15.  For two years Nadinu reigned over BABYLON. 
16.  Suma-yukin4 the governor, the leader of the insurrection, sat upon the throne. 

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17.  For 2 months and . . days Suma-yukin reigned over BABYLON.
18.  Yukin-zira . . . seized upon the throne. 


19.  In the 3d year of Yukin-zira Tiglath-pileser, 
20.  when he had descended into the country of ACCAD, 
21.  destroyed BIT-AMUKANU and captured Yukin-zira. 
22.  For 3 years Yukin-zira reigned over BABYLON. 
23.  Tiglath-pileser sat upon the throne in BABYLON. 

24.  In (his) 2d year Tiglath-pileser died in the month Tebet.5
25.  For [22] years Tiglath-pileser the sovereignty over ACCAD
26.  and ASSYRIA had exercised. For two years he reigned in ACCAD. 
27.  On the 25th day of the month Tebet Sulman-asarid (Shalmaneser) in ASSYRIA
28.  sat upon the throne. He destroyed the city of SABARAHIN.6

29.  In (his) 5th year Sulman-asarid died in the month Tebet. 
30.  For 5 years Sulman-asarid reigned over the countries of ACCAD and ASSYRIA. 
31.  On the r ath day of the month Tebet Sargon sat upon the throne in ASSYRIA. 
32.  In the month Nisan Merodach-baladan sat upon the throne in BABYLON. 
33.  In the ad year of Merodach-baladan Umma(n)-nigas king of Elam 

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34.  in the province of DUR-ILI fought a battle against Sargon king of ASSYRIA, and 
35.  caused a revolt from ASSYRIA: he overthrew them7 utterly. 
36.  Merodach-baladan and his army, which to the assistance 
37.  of the king of ELAM had gone, did not obtain a battle: he arrived too late.8

38.  In the 5th year of Merodach-baladan Umma(n)-nigas king of ELAM died . 
39.  [For 3 years] Umma(n)-nigas reigned over ELAM. 
40.  [Sutruk9-nankhun]du the son of his sister sat on the throne in ELAM. 
41.  . . . . . up to the 10th year

The remaining lines of the column are destroyed. 

COLUMN II

1. In the. . th year 
2. A battle . . . . 
3. For 12 years [Merodach-baladan reigned over BABYLON].10
4. Sargon [sat upon the throne in BABYLON].10

The next fourteen lines are destroyed. 

19. The Babylonians he did not oppress (?)11 . . . 
20. he (Sennacherib) was angry also with Merodach-baladan, and [took him prisoner]; 
21. he devastated his country, and . . . 
22. the cities of LARAK and SARRABA[NU12 he destroyed). 

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23. After his capture (Sennacherib) placed Bel-ibni upon the throne in BABYLON. 


24. In the first year of Bel-ibni Sennacherib 
25. destroyed the cities of KHIRIMMA and KHARARATUM. 

26. In the 3d year of Bel-ibni Sennacherib into the country of ACCAD 
27. descended, and devastated the country of ACCAD. 
28. Bel-ibni and his officers he transported into ASSYRIA. 
29. For 3 years Bel-ibni reigned over BABYLON. 
30. Sennacherib his son Assur-nadin-suma 
31. placed upon the throne in BABYLON. 

32. In the first year of Assur-nadin-suma Sutruk-[nan]-khundu king of ELAM13
33. was seized by his brother Khallusu who closed the gate before him.14
34. For 18 years Sutruk-[nan ]khundu had reigned over ELAM. 
35. His brother Khallusu sat upon the throne in ELAM. 
36. In the 6th year of Assur-nadin-suma Sennacherib 
37. descended into the country of ELAM, and the cities of NAGITUM, KHILMI, 
38. PELLATUM and KHUPAPANU he destroyed. 
39. He carried away their spoil. Afterwards Khallusu the king of ELAM
40. marched into the country of ACCAD and entered Sippara on the march. (?). 
41. He killed some people (but) the Sun-god did not issue forth from the temple of E-BABARA. 
42. He captured Assur-nadin-suma and he was carried to ELAM. 
43. For 6 years Assur-nadin-suma reigned over BABYLON. 

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44. The king of ELAM placed Nergal-yusezib in BABYLON
45. on the throne. He caused [a revolt] from ASSYRIA.


46. In the 1st year of Nergal-yusezib, on the 16th day of the month Tammuz.15
47. Nergal-yusezib captured NIPUR16 and occupied its neigbourhood (?). 
48. On the first day of the month Tammuz the soldiers of ASSYRIA had entered URUK.17

COLUMN III 

1. They spoiled the gods belonging to URUK as well as its inhabitants. 
2. Nergal-yusezib fled after the Elamites, and the gods belonging to URUK
3. as well as its inhabitants (the Assyrians) carried away. 
On the 7th day of the month Tisri18 in the province of NIPUR 
4. he fought a battle against the soldiers of ASSYRIA and was taken prisoner in the conflict, and 
5. he was carried to ASSYRIA. For 1 year and 6 months Nergal-yusezib 
6. reigned over BABYLON. On the 26th day of the [month Tisri?] 
7. against Khallusu king of ELAM his people revolted, [the gate before] him 
8. they closed. They slew him. For 6 years Khallusu reigned over ELAM. 
9. Kudur in ELAM sat upon the throne. Afterwards Sennacherib 
.10. descended into ELAM and from the country of RASI as far as 
11. BIT-BURNA19 he devastated. 
12. Musezib-Merodach sat upon the throne in BABYLON.


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13. In the first year of Musezib-Merodach on the r j th day of the month Ab20
14. Kudur king of ELAM was seized in an insurrection and killed. For 10 months 
15. Kudur had reigned over ELAM. Menanu in ELAM
16. sat upon the throne. I do not know the year21 when the soldiers of ELAM and ACCAD
17. he collected together and in the city of KHALULE a battle against ASSYRIA
18. he fought, and caused a revolt from Assyria.22
19. In the 4th year of Musezib-Merodach on the 15th day of Nisan 23
20. Menanu king of ELAM was paralysed,24 and 
21. his mouth was seized and he was deprived of speech. 
22. On the first day of the month Kisleu25 the city [of BABYLON] was taken, Musezib-Merodach 
23. was taken and led away to ASSYRIA. 
24. For 4 years Musezib-Mercdach reigned over BABYLON. 
25. On the 7th day of the month Adar26 Menanu king of ELAM died. 
26. For 4 years Menanu reigned over ELAM. 
27. Khumma-khaldasu27 in ELAM sat upon the throne. 


28. In the eighth year of the king there was . . . in Babylon. On the 3d day of the month Tammuz 
29. the gods belonging to ERECH went down from the city of ERIDU28 to ERECH. 

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30. On the 3d day of the month Tisri Khumma-khaldasu the king of ELAM by the Fire-god 
31. was stricken and perished through the power (?) of the god. For 8 years Khumma-khaldasu 
32. reigned over ELAM. 
33. Khumma-khaldasu the second in the country of ELAM sat upon the throne. 
34. On the 20th day of the month Tebet,29 Sennacherib king of ASSYRIA
35. by his own son30 was murdered in an insurrection. For [24] years Sennacherib 
36. reigned over Assyria. From the 20th day of the month Tebet until 
37. the 2d day of the month Adar is described as a period of insurrection in ASSYRIA. 
38. On the 8th day of the month Sivan31 Assur-akhi-iddina (Esar-haddon) his son sat on the throne in ASSYRIA. 


39. In the first year of Esar-haddon, Zira-kina-esir32 of the sea coast,33
40. when he had laid fetters on the city of ERECH, the city of [ERECH?] 
41. destroyed in sight of the officers of ASSYRIA and [fled] to the country of ELAM. 
42. In ELAM the king of ELAM took him and [slew him] with the sword. 
43. In a month I do not know the officer called Gu-enna was ... in the city of NIPUR. 

44. In the month Elul,34 the god Gu'si35 and the gods [of the city of ... ]

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45. proceeded to DUR-ILI; [the gods of .... ]
46. proceeded to DUR-SARGON . . . . .
47. In the month Adar the heads of . . . . .


48. In the second year the major-domo . . . . . 

The next two lines are destroyed. 

Rev.-COLUMN IV

1. akhe-sullim the Gu-enna. 
2. . [the Gimir]ri36 marched against ASSYRIA and in ASSYRIA were slain. 
3. . the city of SIDON was taken; its spoil was carried away. 
4. The major-domo mustered a gathering in ACCAD. 
5. In the Sth year on the ad day of the month Tisri the Assyrian soldiers BAZZA37
6. occupied. In the month Tisri the head of the king of the country of SIDON
7. was cut off, and brought to Assyria. In the month Adar the head of the king 
8. of the countries of GUNDU and 'SI'SÛ38 was cut off and brought to ASSYRIA. 
9. In the 6th year the king of ELAM entered SIPPARA. He offered sacrifices. The Sun-god39 from 
10. the temple of E-BABARA did not issue forth. The Assyrians marched into EGYPT. ETHIOPIA was troubled.40

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11.  Khumma-khaldasu the king of ELAM without being sick died in his palace. 
12. For 5 years Khumma-khaldasu reigned over ELAM
13. Urtagu his brother sat upon the throne in ELAM
14. In a month I do not know Nadin-Suma the Gu-enna 
15. and Kudur the son of Dakuri went to ASSYRIA.


16. In the 7th year on the 5th day of the month Adar the soldiers of ASSYRIA marched into EGYPT. 
17. In the month Adar Istar of the city of ACCAD and the gods of the city of ACCAD 
18. had departed from the country of ELAM and on the 10th day of the month Adar entered the city of ACCAD. 

19. In the 8th year of Esar-haddon. in the month Tebet on a day of which the date has been lost41
20. the country of the RURIZA was occupied; its spoil was carried away. 
21. In the month Kisleu its spoil was brought into the city of UR. 
22. On the 5th day of the month Adar the wife of the king died. 

23. In the tenth year in the month Nisan the soldiers of ASSYRIA marched into Egypt.42
24. On the 3d day of the month Tammuz and also on the 16th and 18th days 
25. three times the Egyptians were defeated with heavy loss.43
26. On the 22d day Memphis,44 the royal city, was captured. 
27. Its king fled; his son descended into the country of [ETHIOPIA].

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28. Its spoil was carried away; [its] men were [enslaved]; its goods were . . . . . 


29. In the 11th year the king [remained] in ASSYRIA; his officers . . . . . 

30. In the 12th year the king of ASSYRIA ..... 
31. On the march he fell ill, and died on the loth day of the month Marchesvan.45
32. For 12 years Esar-haddon reigned over ASSYRIA. 
33. Saul-suma-yukina in BABYLON, Assur-bani-pal in ASSYRIA, his two sons, sat on the throne.

34. In the accession year of Saul-suma-yukina in the month Iyyar,46
35. Bel and the gods of ACCAD from the city of ASSUR
36. had gone forth and on the 11th day of the month Iyyar had entered into BABYLON. 
37. In that year [against] the city of KIRBITUM47 [there was war]; its king is conquered. 
38. On the 20th day of the month Tebet Bel-edir-nisi (?) in BABYLON is seized and put to death. 

39. The first part (of the chronicle) has been written like its original and has been made public. 
40. The tablet of Ana-Bel-KAN the son of Libludhu 
41. the son of Nis-Sin, by the hand of Ea-iddin the son of 
42. Ana-Bel-KAN the son of Libludhu of Babylon, 
43. the 5th day of the month . . . the 22d year, of Darius king of BABYLON, 
44. the king of the world. 

FOOTNOTES
1 That is, in the history from which the 'writer extracted his chronicles.
2 Literally "fate" (overtook him). 
3 The Nebo-nadin-ziri ("Nebo has given a seed ") of the Dynastic Tablet; Nadios in Ptolemy's Canon. 
4 Called Nebo-suma-yukin in the Dynastic Tablet. 
5 December. 
6 Not to be confounded with 'Samerina or Samaria. M. Halevy may be right in identifying it with the city of Sibraim mentioned in Ezek, xlvii. 16 as lying between Damascus and Hamath. 
7 That is, the Assyrians. The Annals of Sargon, on the other hand, claim the victory for Assyria. though Babylonia was left in the hands of Merodach-baladan. 
8 Literally. "he undertook it too late" (ana arki itsbat-'sa). 
9 The Elamite Sutruk was identified by the Assyrians with their goddess Istar, 
10 So restored by Winckler. 
11 Ikhmi's. 
12 See W. A. I.. ii, 69, No. 5. 13. Larak was the Larankha of Berossos, which the Greek writer seems to have confounded with Surippak near Sippara, 
13 Written Is-tar-khu-un-du, The Susian inscriptions of the king himself write the name Su-ut-ru-uk-[AN]-Nakh-khu-un-te . 
14 That is, imprisoned him.
15 June.
16 Now Niffer.
17 Now Warka, the Erech of Gen. x. 10.
18 September. 
19 Bit-Burna (-KI) is called Bit Buna (-KI) in the annals of Sennacherib.
20 July. 
21 The chronicler's sources here failed him, but Winckler has pointed out that the battle of Khalule must have taken place in either B.C. 691 or 690. 
22 The annals of Sennacherib claim a complete victory for the Assyrians.
23 March.
24 Literally, "Tetanus constricted him" (misidtuv imisid, cf W. A. I., ii, 27. 47, 48). 
25 November.
26 February. 
27 Called Umman-aldas in the Assyrian inscriptions.
28 Eridu was on the coast of the Persian Gulf. 
29 December. 
30 It will be noticed that the chronicler speaks of only one son, whereas two are named in the Old Testament.
31 May.
32 Called by Esar-haddon Nebo-zira-kina-esir ("Nebo has directed the established seed "), the son of Merodach-baladan.
33 That is, of the Persian Gulf. 
34 August.
35 "The god of the favourable mouth," a local divinity (perhaps belonging to Sippara, W. A. 1., V. 31, 30), and identified with Uras (W. A. I., ii. 57, 54).
36So restored by Winckler. The Gimirra are the Gomer of the Old Testament, the Kirnrnerians of classical writers. 
37 Apparently the district of Arabia Petraea called Bazu by Esar-haddon, Buz in the Old Testament. 
38 Probably in Kilikia.
39 The Sun-god whose temple has been discovered by Mr. Hormuzd Rassam in the mounds of Abu-Habba was the patron-deity of Sipar or Sippara. Besides "Sippara of the Sun-god," there was a neighbouring city called "Sippara of Anunit." The two together formed the Scriptural Sepharvaim or "two Sipparas" 
40 Melukh imina. 
41 In the history from which the chronicler derived his account. 
42The chronicler notes here that the last character in the line was wanting in his copy.
43Literally, "massacres took place in Egypt."
44Written Membi. 
45 October.
46 April.
47Apparently the city of Karbat in Northern Egypt, conquered by Assur-bani-pal at the commencement of his reign. 
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Daniel J. Dyke